دانلود تحقیق درمورد امام علی متن انگلیسی به همراه ترجمه 8 ص

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تعداد صفحات: 8

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LIVES OF THE FIRST IMAM

Amir al-mu’minin Ali -- upon whom be peace —was the son of Abu Talib, the shaykh of the Banu Hashim. Abu Talib was the uncle and guardian of the Holy Prophet and the person who had brought the Prophet to his house and raised him like his own son.

After the Prophet was chosen for his prophetic mission, Abu Talib continued to support him and repelled from him the evil that camefrome the infidels among the Arabs and especially the Quraysh. According to well-known traditional accounts Ali was born ten Years before the commencement of the prophetic mission of the Prophet. When six years old, as a result of famine in and around Mecca, he was requested by the Prophet to leave his father’s house and come to the house of his cousin, the Prophet. There he was placed directly under the guardianship and custody of the holy prophet.

A few years later, when the prophet was endowed with the Divine gift of prophecy and for the first time recevied the Divine revelation in the cave of Hira, as he left the cave to return to town and his own house he met Ali on the way. He told him what had happenend and Ali accepted the new faith. Again in a gathering when the Holy Prophet had brought his relatives together and invited them to accept his religion, he said the first person to accept his call would be his vicegerent and inheritor and deputy. The only person to rise from his place and accept the faith was Ali and the prophet accepted his declaration of faith. Therefore Ali Was the first man in Islam to accept the faith and is the first among the followers of the Prophet to have never worshiped other than the One God.

Ali was always in the company of the Prophet until the Prophet migrated from Mecca to Medina. On the night of the migration to Medina (hijrah) when the infidels had surrounded the house of the Prophet and were determined to invade the house at the end of the night and cut him to pieces while he was in bed. Ali slept in place of the Prophet while the Prophet left the house and set out for Medina.after the departure of the Prophet, according to his wish Ali gave back to the people the trusts and charges that they had left with the Prophet. Then he went to Medina with his Mother, the daughter of the Prophet, and two other women.

In Medina also Ali was constantly in the company of the Prophet in private and in Poblic. The Prophet gave Fatimah, his beloved daughter from Khadijah, to Ali as his wife and when the Prophet was creating bonds of brotherhood among his companions he selected Ali as his brother.

Ali was present in all the wars in which the Prophet participated, except the battle of Tabuk when he was ordered to stay in Medina in place of the Prophet. He did not retreat in any battle nor did he turn his face away from any enemy. He never disobeyed the Prophet, so that the Prophet said,” Ali is never separated from the Truth nor the Truth from Ali” .

On the day of the death of the Prophet,Ali was thirty-three years old. Although he was foremoset in religious virtues and the Most outstanding among the companions of the Prophet, he was pushed aside from the caliphate on the claim that he was too young and that he had many enemies among the people because of the blood of the polytheists he had spilled in the wars fought alongside the Prophet. Terefore Ali was almost completely cut off from public affairs. He retreated to his house where he began to train competent individuals in the Divine scieneces and in this way he passed the twenty-five years of the caliphate of the first three caliphs who succeeded the Prophet. When the third caliph was killed, people gave their allegiance to him and he was chosen as caliph.

During his caliphate of nearly four years and nine months, Ali followed the way of the Prophet and gave his caliphate the from of a spiritual movement and renewal and began many different types of reforms. Naturally, these reforms were against the interests of certain parties that sought their own benefit. As a result, a group of the companions (foremost among whom were Talhah and Zubayr, who also gained the support of A’ishah, and especially Mu’awiyah) made a pretext of the death of the third caliph to raise their heads in opposition and began to revolt and rebel against Ali.

In order to quell the civil strife and sedition, Ali fought a war near Basra, known as the “Battle of the camel,” against Talhah and Zubayr in which A’ishah, “the Mother of the Faithful,” was also involved he fought another war against Mu’awiyah on theborder of Iraq and Syria which lasted for a year and a half and is famous as the “Battle of Siffin”. He also fought against the Khawarij at Nahrawan, in a battle known as the “Battle of Nahrawan.” Therefore, most of the days of Ali’s caliphate were spent in overcoming internal opposition. Finally, in the morning of the 19th of Ramadan in the year 40 A.H, while praying in the mosque of Kufa, he was wounded by one of the Khawarij and died as a martyr during the night of the 21st.

According to the testimony of friend and foe alike, Ali had no shortcomings from the point of view of human perfection. And in the Islamic virtues he was a perfect example of the upbringing and training given by the Prophet. The discussions that have taken place concerning his personality and the books written on this subject by Shi’ites, Sunnis and members of other religions, as well as the simply curious outside any distinct religious bodies, are hardly equaled in the case of any other personality in history.

In science and knowledge Ali was the most learned of the companions of the Prophet, and of Muslims in general. In his learned discourses he was the first in Islam to open the door for logical demonstraction and proof and to discuss the “divine sciences” or metaphysics (ma’arifi ilahiyah). He spoke concerning the esoteric aspect of the Quran and devised Arabic grammar in order to preserve the Quran’s from of expression. He was the most eloquent Arab in speech (as has been mentioned in the first part of this book)

The courage of Ali was proverbial. In all the wars in which he participated during the lifetime of the Prophet, and also afterward, he never displayed fear or anxiety. Although in many battles such as those of Uhud,Hunayn,Khaybar and Khandaq the aides to the Prophet and the Muslim army trembled in fear or dispersed and fled, he never turned his back to the enemy. Never did a warrior or soldier engage Ali in battle and come out of it alive.Yet, with full chivalry he would never slay a week enemy nor pursue those who fled. He would not engage in surprise attacks or in turning streams of water upon the enemy. It has been definitively established historicall that in the Battle of Khaybar in the attack against the fort he reached the ring of the door and with sudden motion tore off the door and cast it away.

Also on the day when Mecca was conquered the Prophet ordered the idols to be broken. The idol “Hubal” was the largest idole in Mecca, a giant stone statue placed on the top of the Ka’bah. Following the command of the Prophet, Ali Placed his feet on the Prophet’s shoulders, climbed to the top of the Ka’bah, pulled “Hubal” from its place and cast it down.

Ali was also without equal in religious asceticism and the worship of God.

In answer to some who had complained of Ali’s anger toward them, the Prophet said, “Do not reproach Ali for he is in a state of Divine ecstasy and bewilderment.” Abu Darda one of the companions, one day saw the body of Ali in one of the palm plantations of Medina lying on the ground as stiff as wood. He went to Ali’s house to infrom his noble wife, the daughter of the Prophet, and to express his condolences. The daughter of the Prophet said, “My cousin (Ali) Has not died. Rather,in fear of God he has fainted. This condition overcomes him often.”

There are many stories told of Ali’s kindness to the lowly compassion for the needy and the poor, and generosity and munificence toward those in misery and poverty. Ali spent all that he earned to help the poor and the needy, and himself lived in the strictest and simplest manner. Ali loved agriculture and spent much of his time digging wells, planting trees and cultivating fields. But all the fields that he cultivated or wells that he built he gave in endowment (waqf) to the poor. His endowments, known as the “alms of Ali,” had the noteworthy in come of twenty-four thousand gold dinars toward the end of his life.

اجمالی از تاریخ زندگی امام علی (ع)

حضرت امیرالمومنین علی علیه السلام ، وی فرزند ابوطالب شیخ بنی هاشم عموی پیغمبر اکرم (ص) بود که پیغمبر اکرم را سرپرستی

تحقیق در مورد ترجمه سوره یونس قسمت دوم (word با فرمت)

لینک دانلود و خرید پایین توضیحات

فرمت فایل word  و قابل ویرایش و پرینت

تعداد صفحات: 7

114

هود بر قومش تحدی کرد و از خدایان آنها تبری جست.

163-162

115

هود برای پیروزی در مقابل قوم خود به خدا توکل می کند.

165-164

116

آیه: فان تولوا فثد ابلغتکم... اتمام حجت هود با قومش

165

117

آیه: و سیتخلف ربی قوما غیرکم و لا تضرونه... هود قومش را از عذاب الهی بیم می دهد.

166-165

118

آیه: و لما جاء امرنا نجینا... ایمان به خدا سبب نجات از عذاب الهی می شود.

167

119

نافرمانی از یک رسول نافرمانی از همه پیغمبران است چون همه به یک دین دعوت می کردند.

168-167

120

تکذیب آیات خدا عذاب و لعنت الهی را به دنبال خواهد داشت.

169-168

121

بحث روایتی آیات 50 الی 60 سوره مبارکه هود

170

122

سخنی درباره قصه هود

172-171

123

شخصیت معنوی هود

173

(

آیات 61 الی 68 سوره مبارکه هود به همراه ترجمه آیات

175-174

124

صالح سومین پیغمبر است که به دعوت توحید برخاست و در امر خدا تحمل محنت و اذیت کرد.

175

125

آیه: هو انشاکم من الارض... حضرت صالح(ع) دلیل دعوتش را خحلقت انسان و هدف و غایت زندگی او می داند.

176-175

126

هیچ چیز غیر از خدا استقلال ندارد تا ما بخواهیم آن را واسطه بین خود و خدا قرار دهیم.

178-177

127

آیه: قالوا یا صالح قد کنت... قوم شهود ابتدا صالح را قبول داشتند اما با شنیدن دعوت او از او ناامید شدند.

178

128

دلیل ناامیدی قوم ثمود دعوت صالح به محو بت پرستی پدران آنها بوده می باشد.

179

129

آیه: قال یا قوم ارایتم ان کنت... مخالفت قوم ثمود با حق چیزی جز ضرر برای آنها ندارد.

180

130

آیه: و یا قوم هذه نافه الله... معجزه حضرت صالح

180

131

آیه: فعقروها فقال تمتعوا... بهره مند شدن مردم از زندگی دنیوی

181

132

آیه: فلما جاء امرنا نجینا صالحا... خارج شدن از زی عبودیت و کفران نعمتهای پروردگار سبب نزول عذاب می شود.

182-181

133

آیه: و اخذ الذین ظلموا... پایان کار ثمود و دعوت صالح و مجازات خدا نسبت به آنان

182

134

بحث روایتی آیات 61 الی 68 سورع مبارکه هود

86الی183

(

گفتاری پیرامون قصه صالح در چند فصل

187

135

ثمود، قوم صالح

187

136

بعثت صالح

187

137

فراموش کردن خدا و سرافکاری سبب فرستادن صالح به سوی ثمود و بیان عاقبت کار آن.

189-188

138

شخصیت صالح(ع)

189

(

آیات 69 الی 76 سوره مبارکه هود به همراه ترجمه آیات

190

139

آیه:«و لقد جائت رسلنا ابراهیم بالبشری.» بشارت فرشتگان به ابراهیم به خاطر اسحاق

192-191

140

آیه: فلما رای ایدیهم لا تصل الیه... فرشتگان از غذای مادی نخوردند و قرس مقدسی در ابراهیم به وجود آمد.

193

141

تاثر نفسانی از فضایل است که در انسان موجود است.

194

142

خدا به پیغمبران عصمت داده و عصمت فضیلت شجاعت را در دل تثبیت می کند.

195-194

143

آیه: وامراته قائمه فضحک... خوشحالی زن ابراهیم از بچه دار شدن

197-196

144

قصه اسحاق در تورات

197

145

آیه: قالت یا ویلتی الد... تاسف و تعجب زن ابراهیم از وضع به وجود آمده

198

146

آیه: قالوا اتعجبین من امر الله... ملائکه تعجب زن ابراهیم از موهبت الهی را برای او ناپسند می شمارند.

199

147

آیه: فلما ذهب عن ابراهیم... عذاب حتمی برای قوم لوط

200-199

148

آیه:«ان ابراهیم لحیم اواه منیب» ابراهیم حلیم بود و می خواست عذاب را از قوم لوط برگرداند.

201

149

آیه: یا ابراهیم اعرض عن هذا... عذاب الهی قطعی است و تغییر نخواهد کرد.

202-201

150

بحث روایتی آیات 69 الی 76 سوره مبارکه هود

210الی203

(

گفتاری پیرامون داستان بشارت

211

151

بیان قصه بشارت(داستان ابراهیم) در پنج سوره مکی: هود، حجر، عنکبوت، صافات و ذاریات

216الی211

(

آیات 77 الی 82 سوره مبارکه هود به همراه ترجمه آیات

217

152

آیه: و لما جائت رسلنا... برخورد لوط و قومش با ملائکه

219-218

153

آیه: و جائه قومه بهرعون الیه... عادت برگناه آن را آسان می کند همانند قوم لوط

219

154

آیه: قال یا قوم هؤلاء نباتی... لوط دختران خود را برای زناشویی به قومش عرضه داشت تا از گناه دست بردارند.

221- 220-219

155

آیه: قالو لقد علمت مالنا... قوم لوط ازدواج با زنان را ممنوع کرده بودند در عوض لواط را جایز می دانستند.

223-222

156

آیه: قال لوان لی بکم... لوط در جواب قصد قومش برای تعرض به میهمانانش(ملائکه) آرزو می کند که ای کاش قدرتی داشت تا بتواند قصد قومش را از میهمانانش دفع کند.

225-224

157

آیه: قالوا یا لوط انارسل... قوم لوط را دسترسی به فرستاگان(ملائکه) نبود.

225

158

عذاب حتمی بود و لوط می بایست به همراه خاندانش از بین قوم خود هجرت کند.

226

159

آیه: فلما جاء امرنا جعلنا... عذاب به وقوع پیوست و شهر قوم لوط با خاک یکسان شد.

228-227

160

آیه:«و ما هی من الظالمین ببعید.» تهدید ظالمین(مشرکان قوم پیغمبر(ص)

230-229

161

بحث روایتی آیات 77 الی 82 سوره مبارکه هود

240الی231

(

گفتاری پیرامون قصه لوط در چند فصل

241

162

قصه لوط و قوم او در قرآن

241

163

پایان ماجرای قوم لوط

243-242

164

شخصیت معنوی لوط

243

165

لوط و افراد او در تورات

250الی242

(

آیات 83 الی 95 سوره مبارکه هود به همراه ترجمه آیات

252-251

166

قصه شعیب و قوم او

253

167

آیه: والی مدین اخاهم شعیبا... شعیب بسوی اهل مدین فرستاده شد.

253

168

اهالی مدین با وجود فراوانی نعمت کم فروشی می کردند که عذاب را برای خود خریده بودند.

255-254

تحقیق در مورد ترجمه سوره مبارکه یونس (word با فرمت)

لینک دانلود و خرید پایین توضیحات

فرمت فایل word  و قابل ویرایش و پرینت

تعداد صفحات: 25

ردیف

موضوع

صفحه

1

آیات 1 تا 10 سوره مبارکه یونس به همراه ترجمه آیات.

10-9

2

نزول این سوره در اوایل بعثت بوده و به هم پیوستگی آیات آن نشان از یک جا نازل شدن آن است.

11

3

غرض از نزول سوره بیان توحید با تاکید بیشتر از طریق امیدوار ساختن و بیم دادن مردم است.

11

4

قرآن کتابی است مشتمل بر معارف توحیدی از جمله وحدانیت و علم و قدرت خدا.

11

5

قرآن وحی خداست که به طور پیوسته از سوی مشرکین تکذیب و انکار شده است.

12

6

تلک در آیه اول بلندی و علو مقام را بیان می کند.

13

7

بیان معانی مختلف لفظ آیه و اینکه کلمه آیات در آیه الر تلک... قطعا به معانی اجزای کلام الهی است.

13

8

مرا از کتاب حکیم کتابی است که در آن حکمت قرار داده شده است یعنی قرآن.

14

9

دلیل استفهام انکاری در آیه اکان للناس عجبا... تعجب مردم از وحی خدا به یک مرد عادی است.

15

10

وحی خدا بر پیغمبر نسبت به عامه مردم جنبه بیم دادن و نسبت به کسانی که ایمان دارند بشارت و مژده است.

15

11

مومنین دارای منزلت راستین هستند چون دارای ایمان راستین بوده اند.

15

12

قدم صدق از بین نمی رود.

16

13

مقصود از هذا در قال الکافرون ان... پیامبر است و چون کافران قرآن را از نوع کلام خودشان ندیدند پیغمبر را ساحر مبین نامیدند.

16

14

آیه: ان ربکم الله... معارف قرآن حق است و هیچ شکی در آن نیست.

17

15

مسبب اصلی منحصرا خداست و در تدبیر خدا هیچ چیز نمی تواند وساطت کند مگر خدا اجازه دهد.

17

16

آیه: الیه مرجعکم جمیعا... مردم رامتذکر معاد می کند.

17

17

همه چیز به سوی خدا در حرکت است.

18

18

هستی و زندگی و بهره وری هر موجودی از ناحیه خداست و این افاضه وجود وجه خداست که وجه خدا از بین رفتنی نیست بلکه به سوی او باز می گردد.

19

19

آیه: لیجزی الذین... مردم در پیشگاه خدا دو دسته می شوند مومنین و کافران و به سبب عدل الهی با آنها رفتار می شود.

20

20

آیه: هو الذی جعل... خداوند همه چیز را با اهداف منظمی برای شما خلق کرده و شما را تدبیر می کند.

21

21

آیه: ان فی اختلاف اللیل... منظور ازاختلاف در این جا پشت سرهم آمدن شب و روز است.

22

22

معنی دیگر اختلاف بلندی و کوتاهی شب و روز است که به وجود آورنده فصول است.

23

23

اختلاف موجودات حامل نظام مقتضی است که دلیل اثبات وحدانیت خداست.

24

24

آیه: ان الذین لا یرجون... توصیف کافران.

25-24

25

انکار لقای الهی و فراموشی روز حساب موجب می شود آدمی به زندگی دنیوی راضی شود.

26

26

اعتقاد به معاد اساس و قوام دین است.

26

27

آیه ان الذین آمنوا و عملو الصالحات... وصف مومنین و بیان عاقبت کار مومنین.

27

28

برای بالا رفتن درجه تنها علم و ایمان ملاک است.

27

29

معنای نعیم در قرآن کریم ولایت الهی است.

28

30

آیه: دعواهم فیها سبحانک... اولیاء خدا تنها خدا را دوست می دارند و او را از هر عیب و نقصی پاک می شمارند.

29

31

هر مرحله ای که پائین تر از مرحله ایمان باشد شائیه ای از شرک دارد.

29

32

توصیف اولیای خدا.

30

33

لقای الهی در بهشت همراه با امنیت مطلق است.

31-30

34

معنای حمد توصیف الهی است که تنها از عهده بندگان مخلص بر می آید.

32-31

35

نظر تفاسیر مختلف درباره قدم صدق در آیه و بشر الذین آمنوا... از قول امام علی(ع) و امام صادق(ع)

33

36

پاداش گفتن سبحان ا... و الحمدا...

34

37

از سخنان در دنیا تنها حمد و ثنای الهی باقی می ماند.

34

38

روز قیامت روز سلام مطلق است یعنی چیز با اراده آدمی سازگار است.

34

(

آیات 11 الی 14 سوره مبارکه یونس به همراه ترجمه آیات

35

39

خداوند بلافاصله گناهکاران را مجازات نمی کند بلکه به آنها مهلت آزمایش می دهد.

36

40

آیه: و لو یجعل الله الناس... انسان طبعا عجول است ومی خواهد آنچه به نفع است به سرعت تحقق الیهم اجلهم متضمن معنای فرو فرستادن است.

37

41

جمله القضی الیهم اجلهم متضمن معنای فرو فرستادن است.

37

42

جمله فنذر الذین یعنی خداوند در کارهای خود اسباب را واسطه می کند.

38

43

آیه: واذا مس الانسان الضر... وقتی آسیبی به انسان می رسد خداوند را می خواند.

39

44

دلیل اینکه اشخاص پس از یاد خدا خدا را فراموش می کنند این است که اعمال در مقابلشان زینت داده شده است.

40

45

کیفر مردم مجرم سنت الهی است.

40

46

آیه: و لقد امکنا القرون من قبلکم... می خواهد مردم را به شدت بیشتری بیم دهد.

40

47

در جمله کذلک نجزی القوم المجرمین پیامبر مورد خطاب است چون تنها پیامبر اهل فهم این حقیقت است نه دیگران.

40

(

آیات 15 الی 25 سوره مبارکه یونس به همراه ترجمه آیات 44-43-42

41

49

آیات فوق استدلالاتی است از ناحیه خدا به پیغمبر برای جواب دادن به کافران

45

50

آیه: و اذا تتلی علیهم آیاتنا... مخاطب بت پرستان هستند که به پرستش خدا دعوت می شوند.

45

51

کافران و بت پرستان چون قرآن را با هوای نفس خود سازگار نمی بینند از پیغمبر تقاضای آوردن قرآن دیگر یا تبدیل قرآن را می کنند.

46-45

52

منظور کافران از درخواست آوردن قرآن دیگر امتحان پیامبر بود که البته این نظر صحیح نمی باشد.

47-46

53

آیه: قل مایکون لی ام ابدله من تلقاء... خداوند درخواست کافران برای آوردن قرآن دیگر را با کلمه بینات جواب داده است.

48-47

54

تغییر قرآن در اختیار پیامبر نیست یعنی نفی حق و سلب اختیار از پیامبر در تغییر قرآن.

48

55

علت رفتار کافران با پیامبر امید نداشتن به لقاء خدا و انکار معاد است.

49-48

56

آیه: قل لو شاء الله ماتلوته علیکم... تغییر قرآن دست پیامبر نیست، قبل از وحی نیز پیامبر در بین مردم بوده آیه: فمن اظلم ممن افتری علی الله کذبا... هر قدر متعلق ظلم بزرگتر باشد ظلم هم بزرگتر است.

49

57

پس ظالم ترین عبارتند از: 1- کسانی که بر خدا دروغ می بندند. 2- کسامی که آیات خدا را تکذیب می کنند.

50

58

مشرکان ظالم ترین ها هستند به دلیل تکذیب آیات خدا

51

59

آیه: و یعبدون من دون الله مالا یضرهم... بت پرستان بت ها را به عنوان واسطه تقرب به خدا و

Audiovisual Translation Subtitles and Subtitling: Theory and Practice

کتاب Audiovisual Translation Subtitles and Subtitling: Theory and Practice زیرنویسها و زیرنویس گذاری ترجمه سمعی بصری: نظریه و عمل، پی دی اف، 305 صفحه.

لطفا جهت اطلاع از سایر محصولات این فروشگاه به بخش "لیست محصولات" در ابتدای صفحه یا به بخش "دسته بندی محصولات" در منوی سمت راست مراجعه نمائید.

از بازدیدکنندگان و خریداران بزرگوار تقاضا داریم به خاطر رعایت حقوق معنوی تهیه کنندگان مطالب، به جای ارسال فایلها به دوستان و آشنایان، آدرس سایت فروشگاه یا لینک محصولات را به آنان ارسال کنند.

چنانچه به خلاصه مباحث از مقالات، فصلها یا کل کتابهای مربوط به دروس زبان انگلیسی در تمامی سطوح تحصیلی از مدرسه تا دکترا نیاز دارید، کافی است با ایمیل یا تلفن مدیر فروشگاه تماس حاصل کرده و درخواست خود را مطرح بفرمایید تا در اولین فرصت جهت تهیۀ آن اقدام شود. ایمیل: [e-mail] شماره تماس: [phone]

در مورد این محصول پیشنهاد یا انتقادی برای بهتر شدن دارید؟ پس خواهش میکنیم از راههای ارتباطی مذکور در بالا تماس بگیرید. رضایت شما برای ما بسیار مهم است.

Contents

List of Figures ix

List of Tables xi

Acknowledgements xiii

Introduction 1

Part One Studies in AVT 5

Łukasz Bogucki
The Application of Action Research to Audiovisual Translation 7

Lupe Romero
When Orality Is Less Pre-fabricated: An Analytical Model for the Study of Colloquial Conversation in Audiovisual Translation 19

Maria Freddi and Silvia Luraghi
Titling for the Opera House: A Test Case for Universals of Translation? 55

Eduard Bartoll
The Surtitling in Catalan of Classic Foreign Theatre Plays 87

Part Two Didactic Applications of Subtitling 109

Claudia Borghetti
Intercultural Learning through Subtitling: The Cultural Studies Approach 111

Marcella De Marco
Bringing Gender into the Subtitling Classroom 139

Eithne O’Connell
Formal and Casual Language Learning: What Subtitles Have to Of fer Minority Languages like Irish 157

Elisa Perego and Elisa Ghia
Subtitle Consumption according to Eye Tracking Data: An Acquisitional Perspective 177

Noa Talaván Zanón
A Quasi-experimental Research Project on Subtitling and Foreign Language Acquisition 197

Stavroula Sokoli, Patrick Zabalbeascoa and Maria Fountana
Subtitling Activities for Foreign Language Learning: What Learners and Teachers Think 219

Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin and Jennifer Lertola
Learn through Subtitling: Subtitling as an Aid to Language Learning 243

Carlo Eugeni
A Professional’s Perspective 265

Notes on Contributors 273

Index of Names 281

Index of Terms 287

امام علی متن انگلیسی به همراه ترجمه 8 ص

لینک دانلود و خرید پایین توضیحات

فرمت فایل word  و قابل ویرایش و پرینت

تعداد صفحات: 8

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LIVES OF THE FIRST IMAM

Amir al-mu’minin Ali -- upon whom be peace —was the son of Abu Talib, the shaykh of the Banu Hashim. Abu Talib was the uncle and guardian of the Holy Prophet and the person who had brought the Prophet to his house and raised him like his own son.

After the Prophet was chosen for his prophetic mission, Abu Talib continued to support him and repelled from him the evil that camefrome the infidels among the Arabs and especially the Quraysh. According to well-known traditional accounts Ali was born ten Years before the commencement of the prophetic mission of the Prophet. When six years old, as a result of famine in and around Mecca, he was requested by the Prophet to leave his father’s house and come to the house of his cousin, the Prophet. There he was placed directly under the guardianship and custody of the holy prophet.

A few years later, when the prophet was endowed with the Divine gift of prophecy and for the first time recevied the Divine revelation in the cave of Hira, as he left the cave to return to town and his own house he met Ali on the way. He told him what had happenend and Ali accepted the new faith. Again in a gathering when the Holy Prophet had brought his relatives together and invited them to accept his religion, he said the first person to accept his call would be his vicegerent and inheritor and deputy. The only person to rise from his place and accept the faith was Ali and the prophet accepted his declaration of faith. Therefore Ali Was the first man in Islam to accept the faith and is the first among the followers of the Prophet to have never worshiped other than the One God.

Ali was always in the company of the Prophet until the Prophet migrated from Mecca to Medina. On the night of the migration to Medina (hijrah) when the infidels had surrounded the house of the Prophet and were determined to invade the house at the end of the night and cut him to pieces while he was in bed. Ali slept in place of the Prophet while the Prophet left the house and set out for Medina.after the departure of the Prophet, according to his wish Ali gave back to the people the trusts and charges that they had left with the Prophet. Then he went to Medina with his Mother, the daughter of the Prophet, and two other women.

In Medina also Ali was constantly in the company of the Prophet in private and in Poblic. The Prophet gave Fatimah, his beloved daughter from Khadijah, to Ali as his wife and when the Prophet was creating bonds of brotherhood among his companions he selected Ali as his brother.

Ali was present in all the wars in which the Prophet participated, except the battle of Tabuk when he was ordered to stay in Medina in place of the Prophet. He did not retreat in any battle nor did he turn his face away from any enemy. He never disobeyed the Prophet, so that the Prophet said,” Ali is never separated from the Truth nor the Truth from Ali” .

On the day of the death of the Prophet,Ali was thirty-three years old. Although he was foremoset in religious virtues and the Most outstanding among the companions of the Prophet, he was pushed aside from the caliphate on the claim that he was too young and that he had many enemies among the people because of the blood of the polytheists he had spilled in the wars fought alongside the Prophet. Terefore Ali was almost completely cut off from public affairs. He retreated to his house where he began to train competent individuals in the Divine scieneces and in this way he passed the twenty-five years of the caliphate of the first three caliphs who succeeded the Prophet. When the third caliph was killed, people gave their allegiance to him and he was chosen as caliph.

During his caliphate of nearly four years and nine months, Ali followed the way of the Prophet and gave his caliphate the from of a spiritual movement and renewal and began many different types of reforms. Naturally, these reforms were against the interests of certain parties that sought their own benefit. As a result, a group of the companions (foremost among whom were Talhah and Zubayr, who also gained the support of A’ishah, and especially Mu’awiyah) made a pretext of the death of the third caliph to raise their heads in opposition and began to revolt and rebel against Ali.

In order to quell the civil strife and sedition, Ali fought a war near Basra, known as the “Battle of the camel,” against Talhah and Zubayr in which A’ishah, “the Mother of the Faithful,” was also involved he fought another war against Mu’awiyah on theborder of Iraq and Syria which lasted for a year and a half and is famous as the “Battle of Siffin”. He also fought against the Khawarij at Nahrawan, in a battle known as the “Battle of Nahrawan.” Therefore, most of the days of Ali’s caliphate were spent in overcoming internal opposition. Finally, in the morning of the 19th of Ramadan in the year 40 A.H, while praying in the mosque of Kufa, he was wounded by one of the Khawarij and died as a martyr during the night of the 21st.

According to the testimony of friend and foe alike, Ali had no shortcomings from the point of view of human perfection. And in the Islamic virtues he was a perfect example of the upbringing and training given by the Prophet. The discussions that have taken place concerning his personality and the books written on this subject by Shi’ites, Sunnis and members of other religions, as well as the simply curious outside any distinct religious bodies, are hardly equaled in the case of any other personality in history.

In science and knowledge Ali was the most learned of the companions of the Prophet, and of Muslims in general. In his learned discourses he was the first in Islam to open the door for logical demonstraction and proof and to discuss the “divine sciences” or metaphysics (ma’arifi ilahiyah). He spoke concerning the esoteric aspect of the Quran and devised Arabic grammar in order to preserve the Quran’s from of expression. He was the most eloquent Arab in speech (as has been mentioned in the first part of this book)

The courage of Ali was proverbial. In all the wars in which he participated during the lifetime of the Prophet, and also afterward, he never displayed fear or anxiety. Although in many battles such as those of Uhud,Hunayn,Khaybar and Khandaq the aides to the Prophet and the Muslim army trembled in fear or dispersed and fled, he never turned his back to the enemy. Never did a warrior or soldier engage Ali in battle and come out of it alive.Yet, with full chivalry he would never slay a week enemy nor pursue those who fled. He would not engage in surprise attacks or in turning streams of water upon the enemy. It has been definitively established historicall that in the Battle of Khaybar in the attack against the fort he reached the ring of the door and with sudden motion tore off the door and cast it away.

Also on the day when Mecca was conquered the Prophet ordered the idols to be broken. The idol “Hubal” was the largest idole in Mecca, a giant stone statue placed on the top of the Ka’bah. Following the command of the Prophet, Ali Placed his feet on the Prophet’s shoulders, climbed to the top of the Ka’bah, pulled “Hubal” from its place and cast it down.

Ali was also without equal in religious asceticism and the worship of God.

In answer to some who had complained of Ali’s anger toward them, the Prophet said, “Do not reproach Ali for he is in a state of Divine ecstasy and bewilderment.” Abu Darda one of the companions, one day saw the body of Ali in one of the palm plantations of Medina lying on the ground as stiff as wood. He went to Ali’s house to infrom his noble wife, the daughter of the Prophet, and to express his condolences. The daughter of the Prophet said, “My cousin (Ali) Has not died. Rather,in fear of God he has fainted. This condition overcomes him often.”

There are many stories told of Ali’s kindness to the lowly compassion for the needy and the poor, and generosity and munificence toward those in misery and poverty. Ali spent all that he earned to help the poor and the needy, and himself lived in the strictest and simplest manner. Ali loved agriculture and spent much of his time digging wells, planting trees and cultivating fields. But all the fields that he cultivated or wells that he built he gave in endowment (waqf) to the poor. His endowments, known as the “alms of Ali,” had the noteworthy in come of twenty-four thousand gold dinars toward the end of his life.

اجمالی از تاریخ زندگی امام علی (ع)

حضرت امیرالمومنین علی علیه السلام ، وی فرزند ابوطالب شیخ بنی هاشم عموی پیغمبر اکرم (ص) بود که پیغمبر اکرم را سرپرستی